I have driven the car a few times since I first noticed the clunk, and have made some additional observations. First, the clunk seems to be coming from the rear right area of the car, and seems to be fairly low down. Second, it is more likely to occur over sharp bumps rather than softer road irregularities. Third, it sometimes occurs during fairly sharp turns, even if there is no bump in the road surface, and is usually louder when that happens. Also, sometimes, a bump in the road that would seem likely to cause the clunk doesn't trigger the noise. Finally, when the clunk is particularly loud, it is felt slightly through the chassis.
I looked inside the cargo area, and the only loose item was the black plastic (empty) storage bin below the carpeted cargo floor. The screws that fasten it to the body were completely unscrewed, so I tightened them. Also, the tire iron within the jack storage area on the left side of the trunk was not locked in place. But, it is stored in a padded sack, so I doubt that it could be the source of the noise. The spare donut seems to be firmly secured, and the rear mufflers and tail pipes seem solidly latched to the chassis.
If I'm very lucky, the unsecured black hard plastic cargo bin was the source of the noise, but I am doubtful. I am inclined to think that there is a suspension issue or that a part of the exhaust system that I was unable to examine is loose. I have an appointment with my Buick dealer on Tuesday, but I will cancel it if the clunk was eliminated by my actions today.